Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Calcinosis/cerebrospinal fluid , Encephalitis/parasitology , Fas-Associated Death Domain Protein/cerebrospinal fluid , Host-Parasite Interactions , Neurocysticercosis/cerebrospinal fluid , Neurocysticercosis/parasitology , Seizures/cerebrospinal fluid , Taenia/physiologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To present the experimental model of neurocysticercosis (NCC) caused by Taenia crassiceps cysticerci, to describe the inflammatory process, susceptibility, or resistance of BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice to this infection, and to describe the host-parasite relationship. METHODS: The animals were intracranially inoculated with initial stage T. crassiceps cysticerci. They were euthanized at 7, 30, 60, and 90 days after the inoculation. Their encephala were removed for the histopathologic analysis, classification of the parasites, and inflammatory lesions. RESULTS: Experimental NCC was observed on both mice lineages. BALB/c mice presented inflammatory lesions with greater intensity, inducing necrosis on late stage parasites, and with an acute inflammation pattern, while C57BL/6 mice showed greater capability on provoking early necrosis in the cysticerci, which showed a chronic inflammation pattern. CONCLUSIONS: This experimental model induced NCC on mice with characteristic inflammation and lesions. C57BL/6 mice were able to induce precocious necrosis of the parasites presenting inflammatory lesions with lower intensity.
OBJETIVOS: Apresentar o modelo experimental de neurocisticercose (NCC) com cisticercos de Taenia crassiceps, descrever a inflamação, suscetibilidade e resistência em camundongos BALB/c e C57BL/6, caracterizando melhor a relação parasito-hospedeiro. MÉTODOS: Os animais foram inoculados intracranialmente com cisticercos de T. crassiceps em estádio inicial e eutanasiados aos 7, 30, 60 e 90 dias após a infecção. Retiraram-se os encéfalos para análise histopatológica, classificação dos parasitos e lesões inflamatórias. RESULTADOS: Foi possível induzir NCC nas duas linhagens de camundongos utilizados como modelo experimental. Os animais BALB/c apresentaram lesões inflamatórias mais intensas do que os camundongos C57BL/6 e induziram nos parasitos necrose na fase tardia com padrão inflamatório agudo. Os C57BL/6 mostraram-se mais hábeis em provocar necrose precocemente nos cisticercos, mas com padrão inflamatório crônico. CONCLUSÕES: Este modelo experimental induziu NCC nos animais com inflamações e lesões. Os camundongos C57BL/6 foram hábeis em induzir precocemente necrose nos parasitos, apresentando lesões inflamatórias com menor intensidade.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Mice , Encephalitis/parasitology , Host-Parasite Interactions , Neurocysticercosis/parasitology , Taenia/physiology , Disease Models, Animal , Encephalitis/pathology , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Neurocysticercosis/pathology , Severity of Illness IndexABSTRACT
Rattus spp trapped in wet markets in Quiapo, Manila and Balayan, Batangas had ectoparasites, Echinolaelaps echidnius (mite), and Polyplax spinulosa (louse). The endoparasites identified were Hymenolepis diminuta; the acanthocephalan Moniliformis moniliformis; Taenia taeniaeformis strobilocercus larvae and Capillaria hepatica in liver; Trichosomoides crassicauda of the urinary bladder; Sarcocystis sp of muscle tissue; and two different species of stronglyloid-looking intestinal nematodes. Rats had 100% infection with C. hepatica and T. taeniaeformis, exhibiting high parasitemia. The co-existence of rats with diverse parasitic species is reflective of the host's capability to support parasites' behavioral, physiological, and developmental needs. Despite heavy infection with intestinal parasites, and marked hepatic tissue damage owing to severe capillariasis and strobilocercus larval infection, all rats appeared healthy and agile, suggestive of a well-established rat host-parasite relationship. In view of the diversity and zoonotic nature of rat parasites, and the impoverished conditions prevailing in communities where Rattus spp survive and proliferate, they can readily facilitate parasite transmission to humans and other susceptible animal hosts.
Subject(s)
Animals , Biodiversity , Capillaria/physiology , Ectoparasitic Infestations/parasitology , Female , Host-Parasite Interactions , Male , Parasitic Diseases, Animal/parasitology , Philippines , Rats/parasitology , Species Specificity , Taenia/physiology , Taeniasis/parasitology , Water/parasitologyABSTRACT
It has been estimated that 50 million people are infected with the taeniasis/cysticercosis complex in the world today and that 50,000 die each year. It also appears that 350,000 individuals remain infected in Latin America. In Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, neurocysticercosis has been identified in 7.5% of the patients admitted to a ward specialized in the treatment of neurologic diseases. Its clinical manifestations comprise seizures, intracranial hypertension, cysticercotic meningitis, psychiatric symptoms, apoplectic or endarteritic form, and spinal cord syndrome. Lethality of neurocysticercosis varies from 16.4% to 25.9%. Diagnosis is dependent on the results of computed tomography of the brain and examination of the cerebrospinal fluid. Lately, albendazole in association with steroids has been elected the treatment of choice for neurocysticercosis. In the authors' opinion, compulsory notification of cases and preventive measures should be implemented. In Brazil, in the absence of a centralized program of control, regional initiatives should be stimulated, keeping in mind WHO's advice: [quot ]Think globally, act locally[quot ].
Estima-se que 50 milhões de indivíduos estejam infectados pelo complexo teníase/cisticercose no mundo e que 50.000 morrem a cada ano. Cerca de 350.000 pessoas encontram-se infectadas na América Latina. Em Ribeirão Preto, no Brasil, diagnosticou-se a neurocisticercose em 7,5% dos pacientes admitidos em enfermaria de neurologia. As manifestações clínicas incluem crises epilépticas, hipertensão intracraniana, meningite cisticercótica, distúrbios psíquicos, forma apoplética ou endarterítica e síndrome medular. A gravidade da doença pode ser ajuizada pela sua letalidade que varia de 16,4% a 25,9%. O diagnóstico de neurocisticercose baseia-se na análise dos exames de neuroimagem (tomografia computadorizada e ressonância nuclear magnética) e no exame do líquido cefalorraquiano. Recomenda-se, atualmente, o albendazol como o medicamento de primeira escolha no tratamento da doença, geralmente em associação com corticoesteróides. Os autores defendem a notificação compulsória e medidas preventivas no controle da parasitose. No Brasil, na ausência de programa nacional de controle, os projetos de prevenção constituem iniciativas regionais, tendo como lema o alerta da OMS: "Pense globalmente, atue localmente".
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Neurocysticercosis , Life Cycle Stages , Neurocysticercosis/diagnosis , Neurocysticercosis/epidemiology , Neurocysticercosis/therapy , Taenia/physiologyABSTRACT
La teniosis y la cisticercosis ocasionadas por Taenia solium son problemas de salud pública que prevalecen tanto en áreas urbanas como rurales, donde se asocian a las prácticas tradicionales de crianza de cerdos, malas condiciones sanitarias e higiénicas, ignorancia y pobreza. La cisticercosis se encuentra en Africa, Asia y Latinoamérica; en particular, México y Brasil son los países que informan las frecuencias más altas.12 La contribución que tiene la cisticercosis humana en las tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad es resultado del desarrollo del cisticerco en el sistema nervioso central (SNC), lo que frecuentemente causa discapacidad física y en ocasiones la muerte.1-5 Se ha sugerido que la principal consecuencia de la teniosis en la salud es la desnutrición, aunque aún no se ha demostrado en forma concluyente como con otras parasitosis